一般名词直接在词尾加-s

map-maps, book-books, girl-girls, eye-eyes

以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾的名词后加-es

class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes

以-f或-fe

结尾的词

变-f 或-fe 为 v 再加-es

leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, wife-wives,

直接加-s

belief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs

以辅音字母加 y 结尾的名词，变 y

为 i 加-es

party-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities

以元音字母加 y 结尾的名词，或专有

名词以 y 结尾的，加-s

toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys

以辅音字母加-o 结尾的名词

一般加-es

hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes,

mango-mangoes

不少外来词加-s

piano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos

两者皆可

zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/volcanos

以元音字母加-o 结尾的名词加-s

radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos

以-th 结尾的名词加-s

truth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths

改变名词中的元音字母或用其他

形式

man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice

单复数相同

sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species

只有复数形式

ashes, trousers(裤子), clothes, thanks, goods, glasses(眼镜),

compasses(圆规), scissors(剪刀), arms(武器)

一些集体名词总是用作复数

people, police, cattle, staff

部分集体名词既可以作单数

（整体）也可以作复数（成员）

audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government,

population, crew, team, public, enemy, party

复数形式表示特别含义

customs(海关), forces(军队), times(倍,次,时代), spirits(情绪),

drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), manners(礼貌), looks(外

表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟), glasses(眼镜), works(工厂,作品), woods(森林), clothes(衣服)